Vision Payroll

This week’s question comes from Julian, a sole-proprietor. After being laid-off from my job, I have decided to open my own business as a sole proprietor. Where can I find due dates for tax payments and filings? Answer: Each year, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) releases Publication 509, Tax Calendars, for use during the following tax year.

Publication 509 Gives Due Dates for Many Items

A tax calendar is a 12-month calendar divided into quarters. The calendar gives specific due dates for the following.

• Filing tax forms.
• Paying taxes.
• Taking other actions required by federal tax law.

Publication 509 Is not Just a Tax Calendar

Though the title of Publication 509 is Tax Calendars, it includes more than just a single tax calendar. It contains:

• A section on how to use the calendars.
• A general tax calendar.
• An employer’s tax calendar.
• An excise tax calendar.
• A table showing the semi-weekly deposit due dates for 2011.

Four Advantages of Using a Tax Calendar

1. You do not have to figure the due dates yourself.
2. You can file or pay timely and avoid penalties.
3. You do not have to adjust the due dates for Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays.
4. You do not have to adjust the due dates for special banking rules if you use the Employer’s Tax Calendar or Excise Tax Calendar.

Vision Payroll Has Implemented the 2011 Due Dates in Its Tax Calculation Software

Contact Vision Payroll for further information on Publication 509.

Starting a new business can be an exciting and challenging time. Writing a business plan, picking a name, deciding how to finance, choosing a location, hiring your employees, and many more decisions can be stressful for entrepreneurs. If you’re starting a new business, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), in IRS Summertime Tax Tip 2010-05, lists the following six tax tips:

1. First, you must decide what type of business entity you are going to establish. The type of business entity will determine which tax form you have to file. The most common types of business are the sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation and S corporation.
2. The type of business you operate determines what taxes you must pay and how you pay them. The four general types of business taxes are income tax, self-employment tax, employment tax and excise tax.
3. An Employer Identification Number is used to identify a business entity. Generally, businesses need an EIN. Visit IRS.gov for more information about whether you will need an EIN. You can also apply for an EIN online at IRS.gov.
4. Good records will help you ensure successful operation of your new business. You may choose any recordkeeping system suited to your business that clearly shows your income and expenses. Except in a few cases, the law does not require any special kind of records. However, the business you are in affects the type of records you need to keep for federal tax purposes.
5. Every business taxpayer must figure taxable income on an annual accounting period called a tax year. The calendar year and the fiscal year are the most common tax years used.
6. Each taxpayer must also use a consistent accounting method, which is a set of rules for determining when to report income and expenses. The most commonly used accounting methods are the cash method and an accrual method. Under the cash method, you generally report income in the tax year you receive it and deduct expenses in the tax year you pay them. Under an accrual method, you generally report income in the tax year you earn it and deduct expenses in the tax year you incur them.

Vision Payroll works with clients as diverse as brand new start-ups and billion dollar companies. If you’re starting a new business, contact us today for all your payroll and human resources needs.

This week’s question comes from Nikki, an LLC member. I am a member in an LLC. My neighbor is a member and receives a paycheck, but I’ve been told that I can’t receive a paycheck. Can an LLC member receive a paycheck from the LLC? Answer: For federal tax purposes, an LLC can make an election to be taxed in one of the following three ways:

• Sole proprietorship (if only one member in LLC)
• Partnership (if two members or more in LLC)
• Corporation (any number of members in LLC)

This election is generally made when the entity is formed and must be done by the time the entity files its first income tax return.

If your LLC has elected to be taxed as a sole proprietorship, the LLC cannot pay wages to the member and the member cannot have income tax, social security tax, or Medicare tax withheld, and cannot receive a Form W-2 from the LLC.

If your LLC has elected to be taxed as a partnership, the LLC cannot pay wages to the members and the members cannot have income tax, social security tax, or Medicare tax withheld, and cannot receive a Form W-2 from the LLC.

If your LLC has elected to be taxed as a corporation, the LLC can pay wages to the members and the members can have income tax, social security tax, and Medicare tax withheld, and can receive a Form W-2 from the LLC. This is true even if there is only a single member in the LLC.

As for LLCs that have elected to be taxed as a sole proprietorship or a partnership, members may receive a draw from the LLC and must pay quarterly federal estimated tax payments to cover the amount of federal income tax and self-employment tax liability they will have, unless covered by withholding on other income. Vision Payroll can work with you and your CPA to determine an appropriate draw and estimated tax payment schedule. You can then receive the draw as a check or direct deposit with each payroll and schedule appropriate deductions such as retirement plan contributions. Contact Vision Payroll today to get started.

This week’s question comes from Mark, a partner in a partnership. I’ve just been made a partner in a partnership. As an employee, I was participating in the company’s Flexible Spending Arrangement (FSA) plan. I’ve been told I can no longer participate. Can a partner participate in an FSA? Answer: FSAs, sometimes called “Flexible Spending Accounts”, are generally setup for reimbursement of medical or dependent care expenses. Partners in a partnership (including LLCs and other similar entities that have elected to be treated as a partnership for tax purposes) are considered self-employed individuals. As such, they are not eligible to participate in an FSA sponsored by the partnership in which they are a partner. Contact Vision Payroll if you have further questions on FSA eligibility.

This week’s question comes from Nicole, an office manager. Our business is formed as two entities, an S corporation and a partnership. We’re located in Massachusetts. Do I now need to withhold income tax on distributions to partners and S corporation shareholders? Answer: All pass-through entities subject to pass-through withholding in Massachusetts must withhold unless the partner or shareholder to whom the distribution is paid has timely filed Form PTE-EX. The filing of Form PTE-EX with the entity certifies that the member is exempt from pass-through withholding. The deadline for filing Form PTE-EX the last day of the fourth month of the entity’s taxable year or within thirty days of the day that the member joins the entity, whichever is later. The form is now valid until changing circumstances invalidate the form, in which case the member must notify the entity within thirty days. Vision Payroll is ready to help its clients deal with the changes required by this new law. Please call us for our recommendations for a smooth transition to the new withholding requirements.

This week’s question comes from Carl, a partner in a partnership. I am an investor in a partnership and own a 25% interest as a partner. I also work for the business that the partnership owns. Can I be paid through payroll, have tax withheld, and receive a Form W-2? Answer: It is long established in tax law that partners in a partnership are not employees of the partnership. In Rev. Rul. 69-184, 1969-1 CB 256, the Internal Revenue Service confirmed this, stating:

Remuneration received by a partner from the partnership is not “wages” with respect to “employment” and therefore is not subject to the taxes imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act and the Federal Unemployment Tax Act. Such remuneration also is not subject to Federal income tax withholding.

Partners cannot receive a Form W-2 from the partnership. They may receive a draw from the partnership and must pay quarterly federal estimated tax payments to cover the amount of federal income tax and self-employment tax liability they will have, unless covered by withholding on other income. Vision Payroll can work with you and your CPA to determine an appropriate draw and estimated tax payment schedule. You can then receive the draw as a check or direct deposit with each payroll and schedule appropriate deductions such as retirement plan contributions. Contact Vision Payroll today to get started.

In TIR 08-8: Sales/Use Tax, Withholding and Administrative Changes Contained in Chapter 182 of the Acts of 2008, the Massachusetts Department of Revenue (DOR) commented on the changes required by the new law. For withholding purposes, the law allows the DOR to require withholding by S corporations and entities treated as partnerships for tax purposes on distributions to shareholders or partners. In Proposed 830 CMR 62B.2.2: Pass-Through Entity Withholding, the DOR listed which entities would be required to withhold and which shareholders and partners would be exempt from withholding. It also addressed several administrative issues related to registration, payment, and reporting. TIR 08-8 confirmed that a final form of the proposed regulation will soon be promulgated effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2009. Vision Payroll is ready to help its clients deal with the changes required by this new law. Please call us for our recommendations for a smooth transition to the new withholding requirements.