Vision Payroll

The US Department of Labor recently issued Administrator signed Opinion Letter FLSA2008-8. Although Opinion Letters only apply to the exact set of facts and circumstances presented in each case, they are a valuable aid in understanding current interpretations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). This Opinion Letter discusses which revenues of a non-profit shelter for homeless animals count toward “the $500,000 threshold for enterprise coverage under §3(s)(1)(A) of the FLSA”. Revenue for the shelter comes from the following four sources:

• Cash donations
• Fees for adoptions and spay/neuter certificates
• Membership dues
• Interest and dividends

FLSA provides coverage in two ways—enterprise coverage and individual coverage. Among other activities, enterprise coverage applies to enterprises with “sales made or business done” of $500,000 or more and two or more employees engaged in commerce or the production of goods for commerce. Since the US Department of Labor has generally held that income from eleemosynary activity does not count toward the $500,000 threshold, the shelter income from donations or dues would not be included in the calculation. Since services for adoptions and spay/neuter certificates are for a “business purpose…in competition with other businesses” they do not qualify as eleemosynary activities. Interest and dividends must also be counted toward the $500,000 threshold. Since the revenue of the shelter from these sources was less than $500,000, employees of the enterprise do not qualify for coverage under FLSA enterprise coverage.

Employees may still be covered under FLSA individual coverage for “any workweek in which they are engaged in interstate commerce, the production of goods for commerce, or activities closely related to and directly essential to the production of goods for commerce.” Examples given include the following:

• Making or receiving interstate telephone calls
• Shipping materials to another state
• Transporting persons to another state
• Transporting property to another state

The Opinion Letter states that the US Department of Labor does not require coverage for employees who only occasionally spend “an insubstantial amount of time performing” such work.

State laws may provide rules that are more beneficial to the employee and must be followed. Contact Vision Payroll if you have questions about this Opinion Letter.

The US Court of Appeals for the 7^th Circuit ruled recently in Jefferson v. US, 06-4082 (7^th Cir. 10/8/2008) that the IRS rightfully imposed an Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC) §6672 penalty against a former president of the board of directors of a tax-exempt day care facility since he was a responsible person whose behavior was willful. Charles E. Jefferson was president of the board of directors of New Zion Day Care Center, Inc. (Center) in Rockford, Illinois. Although Jefferson’s position was voluntary and uncompensated, he had check-signing authority and had previously secured loans for, among other things, payment of overdue payroll taxes for the Center. He was aware of the Center’s unpaid payroll tax liabilities from monthly reports and monthly meetings of the directors. Although he was uncompensated, Jefferson did not qualify for relief under IRC §6672(e) since it was determined that he participated in the day-to-day operations of the Center. The court agreed that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has failed to comply with §904(b) of Public Law 104-168 (Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2) in that it did not provide the explanatory materials required, but concluded Jefferson did not show “any prejudice from the IRS’s failure”. Finally, even though the IRS may have failed to turn over evidence and lost other documents relevant to the case, the court indicated that the documents would not have had any impact on the outcome of the case. Vision Payroll strongly recommends that all volunteer directors in tax-exempt organizations review the exemption under §6672(e) with their attorney. If the exemption does not apply, directors must ensure themselves all trust fund liabilities are being paid, regardless of their actual involvement with the organization’s daily activities.

In TD 9356, the Internal Revenue Service made final the regulations on disregarded entities effective August 16, 2007. In order to allow taxpayers sufficient time to make the changes required by the regulations, the IRS delayed the effective date for the payroll tax changes until January 1, 2009. Under the new regulations, qualified subchapter S subsidiaries (QSubs) (under §1361(b)(3)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) and single-owner eligible entities (under §301.7701-1, §301.7701-2, and §301.7701-3 of the Procedure and Administrative Regulations) that are treated as disregarded entities for most federal tax purposes will be treated as corporations for employment tax purposes. Therefore, owners of single-member LLCs who are treated as sole proprietors for income tax purposes must treat their LLCs as separate entities for employment tax and related reporting purposes. The final regulations clarify that an owner of a disregarded entity will continue to be treated as self-employed and not as an employee of the entity. The regulations also clarify that disregarded entities that are owned solely by a §501(c)(3) organization will maintain the organization’s exemption from federal unemployment tax or FUTA. Contact Vision Payroll if you have questions on changes to the payroll tax reporting procedures for single-owner eligible entities and QSubs.